The culture of quality of kindergarten female teachers and its relationship to some variables (specialization - certificate - experienc
Prepared by
M.Dr. Suad Abdullah Dawood
Wasit University / College of Basic Education
عنوان البريد الإلكتروني هذا محمي من روبوتات السبام. يجب عليك تفعيل الجافاسكربت لرؤيته.
Abstract
The research aimed at defining the level of application of quality culture for kindergarten female teachers and its relationship to some variables (specialization, certificate, experience,),
In order to achieve the goal of the current research, the two researcher built a quality culture scale for kindergarten female teachers, dependent on previous books and studies, as the final image of the scale consisted of 24 paragraphs, distributed into three fields (leadership, performance evaluation, educational climate, cognitive awareness of the postulates of quality) .
The researcher extracted the indicators of the validity of the scale by extracting the apparent validity by presenting it to a group of experts, who are specialized in child psychology and educational psychological sciences. The validity of the construction was also verified through some of its indicators, and the reliability was estimated by the Fakronbach equation, and the reliability coefficient was (88.0).1
After the psychometric properties of the scale were verified, the scale was applied to the main research sample of (135) female teachers, chosen according to the simple random method, and after data were collected and statistically addressed by applying appropriate statistical methods such as (T-test for one sample, T-test for two independent samples).
The following results were reached: the kindergarten female teachers, invariably apply the culture of quality.
In light of the results, the two researchers made some recommendations, including – the enhancement of kindergarten institutions through conducting scientific courses, seminars and conferences to promote the importance of quality culture and develop the institution and raise it to the required level within the determined standards, and finally the role of media in dissemination of the culture of quality as the researchers suggested.
 تحميل البحث. Key Words: (Quality Culture, Kindergarten Teachers)
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Financial decentralization in Iraq after 2003 the application and development mechanisms
Prepared by
Dr. Ahmed Amer Najaf
Department of Economics
Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad Iraq
عنوان البريد الإلكتروني هذا محمي من روبوتات السبام. يجب عليك تفعيل الجافاسكربت لرؤيته.
Dr. Wafaa Jafaar Al-Mahdawi
Department of Economics
Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad Iraq
عنوان البريد الإلكتروني هذا محمي من روبوتات السبام. يجب عليك تفعيل الجافاسكربت لرؤيته.
Abstract
Fiscal decentralization in many developing countries and Iraq, in particular, lacks the requirements for effective implementation in terms of the distribution of spending and revenue responsibilities and authorities that are compatible with federal and local levels, although Iraq's 2005constitution divided the powers between federal and local governments, due to the fact Spending policies may not reflect the shape of the system has accounted Local governments have contributed for 14% of the overall federal investment budget, while local revenues accounted for only 5% of the total revenue available for the period (2006-2019), Therefore, one of the objectives of the research is to determine the structure of the post-2003 financial decentralization system in Iraq, and ways to make decentralization work the success by achieving efficiency and effectiveness in providing local governments with the opportunity to improve responsiveness accountability and performance in the development and delivery of services, This entails the process of establishing the foundations for financial decentralization in Iraq, which allows the authorities to provide sufficient revenue to ensure the financing of local government responsibilities
تحميل البحث.Keywords: Decentralization, fiscal decentralization, local financial sustainability, tunnel responsibilities, revenue responsibilities.
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