Investing in Digital Currencies: Risks and Benefits Coin HZM (Example)

prepared by
A.prof.Dr. Ahmed Abbas Abdullah
College of Administration & Economics
University of Fallujah
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Abstract
The topic of digital currencies is one of the topics that has received a great deal of attention, and on a wide scale, due to its importance in relation to financial transactions via international network platforms. The history of the emergence of these currencies dates back to the year (1995). Digital currencies are virtual currencies that are used in electronic financial exchanges and transactions such as money transfers and direct electronic payment, meaning that they are used only via the Internet. Statistics have shown that there is a wide demand from investors to invest in these currencies, which led to an increase in their price from (380) dollars to (10,500) dollars in the year (2018). Our research, which aims to highlight the role of digital currencies in daily transactions and sheds light on everything related to these currencies from risks and benefits, especially those related to the Hazm currency as a model, has concluded that investing in these currencies is an illegal procedure carried out by some people because these currencies do not carry the recognition of the Central Bank in them, and presented a number of recommendations that recommend not dealing with such currencies unless they obtain approval and recognition. Official bodies such as the Central Bank, especially with regard to the currency of the package.
Keywords: Investment, Digital Currencies, Packages

The Configuration of the National Identity in Andrea Levy’s Novel Fruit of the Lemon

Prepared by
Ahmad Shaheen
Atilim University Ankara
Turkey
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Abstract
This article examines the formation of the national identity of a second-generation female character in the postcolonial novel, Fruit of the Lemon, written by the British-Caribbean novelist, Andrea Levy. Using Homi Bhabha’s concept of “Cultural Hybridity” and Benedict Anderson’s theory of “Imagined Communities,” the article explores how first- and second-generation immigrants experience different stages in formation of their national identities. Racism plays a significant role in highlighting the conflict between Whites and Blacks in multicultural London, as well as shaping their sense of belonging and non-belonging within the national space. Faith, the protagonist, undergoes three stages in reshaping her national identity and understanding her sense of belonging. In her early years, she integrates into the British community and adopts a British identity. After graduation, a racist society forces Faith to consider her skin color and rethink her past and place of origin. Finally, after Faith returns from Jamaica, she resolves her identity crisis and neutrally accepts both nationalities, Jamaican and British.
Keywords: Immigration, Nationalism, Post-colonialism, Racism, Hybrid National Identity

Study of the Financial, Economic and Social feasibility of the Sodium Carbonate Production Factory Project in Anbar Governorate.    

Prepared by
Prof. Dr. Khamees Khalif Mousa
Almaarif University
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Dr. Ryadh Jawad Kadhem
Almaarif University
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Dr. Mahmoud Abdel Mohsen Ali 
General Company for Glass and Refractories

Abstract
The study aims to measure and analyze the financially economic and Social feasibility indicators  for complete and operate  the sodium carbonate production factory  in  Anbar Governorate during the period 2026-2035  The results of measuring each of the financial Indicators (Simple rate of return, Payback period, financial profit, dinar return, costs of production unit, gross Profit margin, Rate of capital turnover, rate of return on invested capital, Break-even point) and economic feasibility indicators showed (net present value, present value of Revenul costs- Internal Rate of Return), as well as Social feasibility Indicators (value Added, Employment cost, utilization of Foreign Exchange) - commercial
profitability and significant Economic and Social Benefits Resulting from operating the said Factory, which Encourages and Enhances the Initiation process in its operation being of great financial, economic and Social feasibility.
 keywords: Project evaluation , Economic feasibility , Anbar governorate .

Kant's Transcendent Idealism . An Analytical Study

Prepared by
Asso. Prof. Dr. Mohammed Bahar
Mohammed Hassan
King Faisal University
College of Sharia and Islamic Studies
Department of Islamic Studies

Abstract:
In this research (Transcendental Idealism according to Kant), I present an example of this light from these doctrines in order to shed light on its founder and the most prominent characteristics of his philosophy. In it, I also became acquainted with an explanation of the concept of models in general, then in the terminology of philosophers, then I showed the benefits that the doctrines share in implementation models, and I drew To talk about these goals, the doctrines want to aim, and in the subject of a major study known as the philosopher Kant, I prepared for the most important foundations and structures on which his philosophy was based, and I became acquainted with mentioning his philosophy in general, successfully reaching the end of the view that he came up with, which is represented by his two books, Criticism of Pure Minds, and he attended Practical members, analytical theory was used, and the research reached a number of results.
Keywords: contemporary philosophy, Kant, transcendentalism.

The Use Social Media Websites by Youth and its Relation in Strengthening National loyalty. A Survey Study on Sample of Youth in Wad Medani, Aljazeera State (2023).

Prepared by
Asso. Prof.Dr.Mohamed Yousif Ebrahim
Department of Public Relations and Advertising
College of Da'wah and Media
University of the Holy Quran and Islamic Sciences

Abstract:
The current study is one of the studies that explore the relation of new electronic media (specifically social media sites) - this aspect increases its importance considering the continuous attempt to stand on the diverse and renewed effects of this media on individuals, societies, countries and nations. This study aims to identify the importance of social media sites among youth, and thus reveal the motives behind their use of these sites, and determine the extent of their knowledge and awareness of the issue of national loyalty. This study was launched with the main question: To what extent do youth use social networking sites? and what is the relation of this in strengthening their national loyalty?
In this study, the case survey method was used that it suits this type of descriptive studies. The questionnaire used as a research tool in collecting data that it suits this method. The population of the study is represented by the youth in Wad Medani city in Al-Jazeera State. The researcher worked on selecting an intentional (purposeful) sample using whose social networking sites from the population of the study. The study approved several results, including: The most popular Internet applications that youth have tended to use are social media websites. This indicates that social media websites  have a major and fundamental interest among youth due to the advantages it contain, the opportunities they provide for knowledge and learning, and the needs and desires they satisfy. They have been keen on the continuous use of social media websites because they facilitate their access to new information and news. The study recommended the necessity of planning, follow-up, guidance and continuous supervision of social networking sites by media professors, educators, families and other social upbringing institutions. The importance of employing and mobilizing the cognitive, intellectual and emotional energies of youth and working to adopt positive initiatives that stem out of their interaction and participation in these sites.
Keywords: Social Media: Websites: Youth: National loyalty

Administrative Leadership and Its Relationship with Employee Performance in Light of Total Quality Management (A Case Study: SEEDTECH Limited Agricultural Company, Sudan)

Prepared by
A.Prof.Dr.Nazik Ali Mohamed
Department of Business Administration
College of Business Administration
Tabuk University
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Abstract:
The study aimed to identify the reality of administrative leadership, employee performance and total quality management in private institutions represented by Sayedtak Agriculture Company Limited to know the requirements for leadership style. The study relied on the intentional sample, and a questionnaire was designed to collect data, where (150) questionnaires were distributed with a success rate of (100%) and to ensure the validity of internal consistency and using Spearman's correlation coefficient, all correlation coefficients of the questionnaire axes were high and statistically significant. The study used descriptive statistical methods to describe the data (arithmetic mean and standard deviation), as well as the inferential statistical method to test the study hypotheses. The results showed that the administrative leadership in the company is successful democratic leadership, and the company's interest in continuous improvement is more than its interest in the customer. The study recommends the continuous evaluation of employees' capabilities, their familiarity with them and their continuous improvement. Allowing employees to participate in personal diligence in solving problems related to their specialization, creating a higher level of trust between the administrative leadership and the company's employees and monitoring employees' performance through performance reports. The company pays more attention to customer complaints and meets their needs, and provides intensive and practical training to the company’s employees and leaders on work methods and comprehensive quality.
Keywords: Leadership, employee performance, total quality and private institutions.

Analysis of the Role of the Digital Economy in some Indicators of Sustainable Development in the Iraqi Economy

Prepared by
A.Prof.Dr.Ahmed Muhammad Jassim
College of Administration & Economics
Department of Economics
University of Fallujah
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Abstract:
 The goal of sustainable development is to meet current demands without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their demands. In order to achieve sustainable growth, social justice and environmental conservation, sustainable development aims to strike a balance between its economic, social and environmental components. Sustainable development can be achieved through the digital economy and its positives represented by expanding the economy and creating new industries and sectors such as renewable energy, agriculture, manufacturing, and others. The research used an analytical strategy for this purpose to achieve its specific goals, analyze the study hypotheses and conduct an economic analysis of the research variables using economic indicators to achieve the main goal mentioned above as well as the sub-tasks that emerged from it. The research reached a number of results arising from examining the indicators of sustainable development in Iraq across all sectors, as these indicators were within safe and advanced limits in 2019, then declined sharply during the year of the Corona pandemic (2020) and then began to rise again in 2021, indicating that the economy has achieved sustainability during the research period. These results prompted the study to present a number of recommendations that enhance the research objectives, including the need to benefit from the experiences of the UAE, Saudi Arabia and other advanced Arab countries in this vital field to diversify income, as they are advanced Arab countries, given that other Arab countries, including Iraq, suffer greatly from this aspect due to their dependence on the sole rent income resulting from oil, which leads to sustainable development.
 Keywords: Digital economy, sustainable development, Iraqi economy, economic development.

Modern Trends in Educational Leadership and the Effectiveness of Institutional Performance in Light of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030

Prepared by
A.Prof.Dr.Abeer Saeed Alghamdi
College of Applied Studies & Community Service
King Saud University
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Abstract 
The current research aims to study modern trends in educational leadership and the effectiveness of institutional performance in light of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 by relying on the appropriate descriptive approach to the study variables by reviewing previous studies and literature that addressed the topic of modern trends in educational leadership and its effectiveness on institutional performance, as well as studying the vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the trends that enhance the methods of developing educational leadership and the extent of its effectiveness in the institutional performance of employees and workers in educational institutions. The study reached a set of results, the most important and prominent of which is that the vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia greatly enhances and encourages the areas of developing educational leadership and the strategies that enhance it. The study presented a set of recommendations, the most important and prominent of which is the need to provide mechanisms and tools through which educational leadership development processes are activated.
Keywords: Modern trends, leadership, educational leadership, performance in institutional work.

The Role of Mathematics Curricula in Building Educational Values ​​in the First Intermediate Grade Curriculum in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia1445 AH - 2024

Prepared by
A.Prof.Dr.Osman Elamin Ahmed Elamin
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Abstract:
The current research goal is to evaluate the educational values embedded in the mathematics curriculum for the first intermediate grade in Saudi Arabia. The descriptive analytical approach was used, and lists were built to identify the educational values included in the study. Additionally, lists were constructed to analyze the content of the prescribed mathematics textbooks for the three academic terms. The research sample consisted of the printed mathematics textbooks for the first intermediate grade for the year 1445H (2023-2024). Statistical methods such as frequencies and percentages were used to calculate the proportions of educational values included in the mathematics textbooks for this grade. The results of the research indicated that the mathematics textbooks for the first intermediate grade in Saudi Arabia include educational values at varying proportions. The aesthetic and recreational educational values and the economic educational values came in the first place with a proportion of (58%), while the ethical educational values, social educational values, and technological values came in the middle ranks with a proportion of (31%). Finally, environmental and national educational values came in the last ranks with a proportion of (11%). Based on the findings of the study, the following suggestions were made: conducting research on educational values in all subjects at the intermediate level, especially technological educational values, particularly artificial intelligence. The research recommends experts and specialists in mathematics curricula to increase their focus on national, environmental, and technological educational values.
 Keywords: Educational values, mathematics curricula, intermediate stage, mathematics books

World Modernity Freedom Problem between Theory and Practice: Implications for the Renaissance of Islamic and Arab Societies- Progressive Islamic Vision -

Prepared by
Dr.Dema Faiq Abu Latifa
Al-Istiqlal University
Palestine 
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Abstract
The issue of freedom is one of the most significant challenges facing Islamic and Arab societies in the context of the modern world. This challenge is reflected in the gap between theoretical concepts of freedom and their practical applications, which directly impacts efforts towards renaissance and progress in these societies.
The researcher argues that despite the abundance of writings that have critiqued, evaluated, and analyzed the issue of freedom in Islam and Islamic society, they often remain as mere remarks or interpretations that may be accurate or flawed. This study seeks to propose judgments and intellectual and epistemological frameworks that can be practiced in a world where modernity has introduced a different kind of revolution.
The study aims to answer the primary question: How can the issue of freedom be addressed within the context of modernity through a progressive Islamic vision to achieve the renaissance of Islamic and Arab societies? Additional questions arise from this main inquiry.
To achieve the intended outcomes, the researcher adopts an inductive-analytical approach, conducting a desk review to trace the historical developments associated with the concepts of freedom and modernity. This involves building a theoretical framework and applying critical analysis.
The researcher concludes that there is a significant difference between the concept of freedom in the West, which often detaches itself from religious texts, and the authentic Islamic concept of freedom, which establishes boundaries to empower individuals and thereby achieve Islamic and Arab renaissance. The researcher recommends the necessity of correcting the trajectory of human thought that is entangled in intellectual errors or practical behaviors regarding the perception of the concept of freedom.
Keywords: freedom, modernity, Islamic thought, renaissance, Islamic societies.

Employing public Relations Activities to Achieve Sustainable Development for Social Integration and Poverty Eradication

Prepared by
M.M.Montaha Safi Yasser
College of Arts
University of Baghdad

Abstract:
Public relations are a vital discipline that overlaps with many other fields such as media, marketing, and community development. It represents an integrated system of communication between the institution and its audiences with the aim of building trust and achieving common understanding. In this context, public relations is a strategic tool that can be employed not only to achieve institutional goals, but also to contribute to achieving sustainable development, especially with regard to social inclusion and poverty eradication.
We relied on the descriptive analytical approach and reached a set of results, the most prominent of which are:

o The results showed that public relations plays a pivotal role in enhancing awareness of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially through media campaigns and community partnerships.

o It has been shown that sustainable development contributes significantly to reducing social gaps and improving the quality of life by achieving the three dimensions: economic, social and environmental.

o Social integration has emerged as one of the basic keys to achieving social justice and reducing poverty, as it enhances equal opportunities among all members of society.

o It is clear from the field study that there is a significant impact of employing public relations activities to achieve sustainable development.
Keywords: public relations _sustainable development _social integration.

 The Effect of Choosing an Image in Advertising as a Visual Communication Means to Attract the Recipient’s Attention

Prepared by
M.M. Maha Nima Lafta
College of Education
Ibn Al-Haitham
University of Baghdad

Absetrect
Meaning is the essence of visual communication derived from cultural, social, popular and religious backgrounds and all the values and standards of the actions and practices of individuals and groups, and each civilization represents its basic general symbols that establish the background for the meanings of thinking for each individual or group, as they organize their lived human experiences into a set of symbols agreed upon. As basic beliefs, understanding becomes possible between them to express their experiences with their pureness and common overall meaning It is the targeted content of the communication messages carried by the mediator whose pillar is a society, and which are expressed in the symbols and signs that were agreed upon and created by a group, so it can be generalized or customized and expanded among a group There are many types of semantic meaning derived from the surrounding environment, and among them there are types that contribute to increasing the efficiency of delivering information, which is what any advertising institution or company may aim to achieve in order to identify it and focus on using it within its formulation of the components of the advertising image and building symbolic meanings for the content of its message for the purpose of delivering information efficiently within its communication objectives to achieve Financial profit and purchasing gains, and to ensure the satisfaction and loyalty of the target and prospective groups to the brand and remember it when responding to the purchase decision with an advertisement.
Keywords: Iimage,Advertisement, Attracting attention, Visual communication