Assessing the Effectiveness of Informal Digital Resources for Early English Vocabulary Instruction: A Case Study of TikTok Songs in Saudi Kindergarten, K.S.A

Prepared by
Dr. Abdelazim Mabrook
Abdalbein Mabrook
Onaizah Colleges, Saudi Arabia
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Dr. Huda Sharfeldeen
Eltaher Mohamed
Ha'il University, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Vocabulary mastery is challenging for Saudi kindergarten learners due to insufficient English exposure. This study examined the impact of recording English songs on TikTok videos as supplemental instruction on learners' vocabulary. Using a control-experimental design, the study assessed 60 learners' pre-post vocabulary scores. The experimental group received textbook instruction plus TikTok song videos, while the control used textbooks only. Results showed a significant difference in post-test scores between groups (p<0.05), with the experimental group scoring 15.46 (±2.62) compared to 6.43 (±1.86) for controls. These findings suggest TikTok songs can effectively support vocabulary learning when incorporated into kindergarten English teaching approaches. Implications for optimizing online resources to address learners' needs are discussed.
Keywords: Kindergartens, TikTok Videos Songs, Vocabulary, supplemental instruction, Experimental and Control Group, Saudi Arabia. 

Investigating the Appropriateness of Vocabulary Input in the Intensive English Course for Saudi Medical Undergraduates: A Corpus-Based Case Study

Prepared by
Dr.Osama Khalifa Mohammed
Department of Foreign Languages
Jazan University, KSA
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Abstract
This corpus-based case study aimed to evaluate the relevance and coverage of vocabulary taught in the intensive English course at Jazan University for first-year medical students. The study compared words introduced in prescribed textbooks against three standard lists: General Service List, Academic Word List, and Medical Academic Word List. A concordance tool was used to analyze 240 words included across reading/writing and listening/speaking materials. Results showed emphasis on general vocabulary from the GSL, with 149 words (5% coverage). Academic coverage was 47 words (8%) from the AWL. However, specialized medical terms from the MAWL received little focus, with only 44 words (7%) introduced. This indicates a mismatch between vocabulary prioritized and students' needs for English-based medical instruction. The study concluded the current course inadequately equips learners with discipline-relevant terminology. Recommendations included supplementing the GSL foundation with targeted MAWL lessons and materials to better prepare undergraduates for their specialized ESP context. This research contributes insights for enhancing ESP curriculum appropriateness through criteria-aligned vocabulary evaluation and selection.
Keywords: Medical English, Corpus linguistics, Vocabulary taxonomy, Saudi tertiary education, Instructional materials analysis, English for specific academic purposes

Developing Positive Rapport in the Classroom: Addressing Challenges and Optimizing Student Success

Prepared by
Dr. Ahmed Elhaj Omer Hamed
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Abstract
Building positive rapport between teachers and students is essential for fostering effective learning environments. However, establishing strong relationships requires understanding the complex social dynamics underlying rapport development. This systematic literature review examines conceptual definitions of rapport and analyzes research exploring its benefits, strategies, barriers, and solutions. Peer-reviewed articles published between 2010-2022 were identified through educational databases using keyword searches. A thematic synthesis offered critical examination of rapport through theoretical lenses including education, psychology, and interpersonal theories. Findings demonstrated rapport comprises mutual trust, empathy and care. Substantial evidence linked positive rapport to improved student outcomes, while strategies employing respect, understanding cultural differences, and adapting to disciplines optimized relationships. Nevertheless, challenges like large class sizes, cultural mismatches, and workload constraints inhibit rapport. Recommendations centered on pre-service training, class-size reduction, cultural competency development, and workload adjustments. Overall, the study establishes rapport as critical to student success and provides insights for optimizing caring, trusting pedagogies through focused investments and contextual applications of theoretical knowledge.
Keywords: teacher-student rapport; interpersonal relationships; student motivation; achievement; socioemotional learning; cultural awareness; pedagogical strategies; classroom management; teacher training; education policy

The Style of Deductive Thinking and its Relationship to Aesthetic Preference Among Students of the Department of Art Education in the Subject of Criticism and Analysis 

Prepared by
A.Prof.Dr Ikhlas.Abdul Qadir
Art education Department
College of basic education
Al-Mustansiryia University

Abstract
Thinking as a mental process is an essential element in the cognitive mental construction، and it has preoccupied philosophers and thinkers and they paid continuous efforts to understand its mechanisms and features، thinking is a human characteristic characterized by its social character and its systemic work and affects and is affected by the rest of the other cognitive processes such as sensation، perception and perception... etc.. It also affects and is affected by the individual's character، emotional and social personality، it differs from the rest of the characters that it is more complex and analytical to reach the depth of phenomena and situations to process information and generate new knowledge and information and search for ways to enable him to overcome the difficulties he faces in the future، deductive thinking is a type of thinking، an invisible mental activity carried out by the brain، which is a purposeful and evolutionary behavior and helps the learner to search for meaning in the situation or experience.
Based on the above، the researcher identified the research problem with the following question: What is the relationship between the deductive thinking style and the aesthetic preference among students of the Department of Art Education in the subject of art criticism?
Keywords: deductive thinking style – aesthetic preference – art criticism.

The Aesthetic Discourse of the Concept of Modernity and its Reflection on the Projects of Students of the Institute of Fine Arts

Prepared by
A.Prof.Dr. Noora Abdullah Ali
Open Educational College
Al-Karkh Study Center
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Abstract
The research, entitled The Aesthetic Discourse of the Concept of Modernism and its Repercussions on the Projects of the Students of the Institute of Fine Arts, was divided into four chapters. The first chapter included the theoretical framework and the problem of broadcasting is summarized through the following question: What is the aesthetic dimension of the philosophy of modernity and its reflection on the projects of the Fine Arts students?
The importance of the research included studying the aesthetic dimension, including the sensory and technical dimension embodied by the philosophy of modernity as part of the history of art, which includes philosophical starting points for the fields of art education to provide students with knowledge and aesthetic sense. The aim of the research is to identify the aesthetic discourse of the philosophy of modernity and its reflection in the artistic production of students of the Institute of Fine Arts. The limits of the research were represented by the products of the students of the Institute of Fine Arts, Department of Fine Arts, in the year 2022-2023. As for the second chapter, it included two sections, the first was the philosophical aspect of modernist thought, and the second was the representations of modernist aesthetic thought. The researcher came up with intellectual indicators for the theoretical framework. As for the third chapter, it dealt with broadcast procedures. The researcher followed the descriptive analytical approach, and the research community consisted of 6 students’ artistic productions. 3 models were chosen for the sample intentionally, and an analysis form for the samples was constructed. The fourth chapter included a set of results, including the adoption of color and linear techniques, interference and harmonic contrast, and the method was clear through their artistic productions to express their inner emotions, as in samples (1-2-3), using different schools to show them, including expressionism, cubism, and abstraction.
Keywords: Aesthetic Discourse, Philosophy of modernity, Fine arts

Analysis of the Relationship between External Debt and the General Budget Deficit in Iraq for the period 2004-2022

Prepared by
Doaa Sajid Abtan
Faculty of Administration
And Economics
University of Fallujah
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Prof. Dr. Nazar Dheyab Assaf
Al-maaref University College
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Abstract
This research aimed to analyze  the relationship between external debt and the public budget deficit in Iraq based on semi-annual data covering the period (2004-2022), and the analytical approach was used for statistics and data, and the research found that increasing external debt leads to directing the available economic resources to fill the external debt service, and this would negatively affect the progress of the economic development process.The research recommended diversifying public revenue sources and not relying only on oil revenues and paying attention to the development of other revenues, especially tax, by reforming the tax system of legislation and laws in order to be more efficient and effective to finance the deficit in the public budget.
Keywords: External debt, Budget deficit

Using the ARDL Model to Measure the Impact of Foreign Investment on the Growth of Economic Sectors in Iraq for the period (2004-2022)

Prepared by
Faculty of Administration
And Economics
University of Fallujah
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A.Prof.Dr.Ahmad Abbas
Faculty of Administration
And Economics
University of Fallujah

Abstract
Many countries, whether developing or developed, are racing to attract foreign direct investment by offering a set of incentives that contribute to attracting investment, including providing the appropriate climate and issuing laws, legislation, etc., especially developing countries that suffer from weak infrastructure and structural imbalances in the economic sectors, and from this point of view, the research aims to the extent of the impact of foreign direct investment on the economic sectors in Iraq during the period (2004-2022) The research has reached a set of conclusions that may be The most prominent of which is the weakness of foreign investment in Iraq, as well as the weakness of investment in the economic sectors from 2013 to 2022, as the average ratios of the contribution of foreign direct investment to the commodity sectors reached (-1.8%), the distribution sectors amounted to (-2.5%) and the service sectors amounted to (-2.5%) 
Keywords: FDI, Development, Economic sectors, Iraq