Basics of teaching Arabic to non-native speakers

Prepared by
A.Prof.Dr.Aisha Mirghani Abdul Rahim Suleiman
College of Humanities
King Khalid University
Kingdom Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
The study focused on revealing the foundations of teaching Arabic to non-native speakers in order to facilitate the learners' task and find the best methods that help achieve their purposes, whether they are private or public purposes. The study aimed to teach the Arabic language correctly, spread it among non-native speakers, teach language skills in a clear and integrated manner, choose appropriate teaching methods, find the most effective ways to communicate the Arabic language to the whole world, and preserve the sounds of the Arabic language as they are. The researcher followed the descriptive-analytical approach, which is concerned with human studies. The study community was not specific to the researcher, as far as the idea was, to facilitate Arabic for non-native speakers, and what prompted her to do so, is that she was born in an environment characterized by multilingualism, including the Arabic language in northern Sudan, which affected their pronunciation of sounds, so she chose to present a study to benefit non-Arabic speaking Muslims in general, and people in Sudan. The study reached results, including learners of the Arabic language in general, their education must be based on knowledge of the four language skills, and the learner of non-native speakers, in particular, must be trained and practice these skills. No method of teaching is perfect and free from defects, but it is the educational situation, which imposes a certain type of method. Some of the non-native Arabic language learners have reached a stage of mastery that may exceed the native ones.
key words
skill – multilingualism- strategy- inverted row- efficiency- Adequacy- analysis- installation- pattern- Social Intelligence

Demonstrating Meccan Revelation of "Surah Al- Mutaffifin " Using a Stylistic Study

Prepared by
Mohamed Hatem Abu Samaan 
Faculty of Arts and Humanities
Al-Aqsa University-Gaza
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Prepared by
Yahya Ahmed Ghabin
Faculty of Arts and Humanities 
Al-Aqsa University-Gaza
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Abstract:
This research deals with the analytical stylistic study of the noble verses of Surat Al-Mutaffifin in order to prove their Meccan, whether differed in them or not, using the stylistic approach in analyzing these verses from the textual point of view (commas, vocabulary, phrases and structures in their various forms), and content (ideas and themes), after extrapolating their stylistic phenomena. And following the surat, monitoring, analyzing, and comparing it with the stylistic characteristics of the texts of the Madonah’s and Meccan revelations, as a prelude to deciding the Meccanity or Madinyan of this surah, or at least weighting it, which is something new in determining the Meccanity or Madinah’s of Qur’anic verses using one of the modern approaches to the rhetorical lesson. The nature of the research necessitated that it includes four axes, namely: proving Meccan through phonological, and morphological structures, as well as Meccan through analyzing syntactic structures, and finally proving Meccan through content analysis. The research concluded that there are many precise and many similarities, whether at the phonemic, morphological, syntactic, or content level, between the style of Surat Al-Mutaffifin and many of the texts of the Meccan revelation. Which clues towards proving the Meccanity of this noble surah.
Keywords: stylistic study - Meccan - Surat - Al-Mutaffifin.

 Method of studying and teaching the Koranic sound according to Makki Bin Abi Talib Al-Qaisi (437 AH) through his book “The Care (Ar-Ri’ayah) to Improve Reading and Realize Recitation

Prepared by
Prof.Dr.Mebarek  Blali
Ahmed Draya University, Adrar- Algeria
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Abstract
This research attempts to reveal and study the major features of the scientific approach taken by one of the greatest imams of reading and recitation in studying and teaching the Koranic sound and its phenomena, namely the imam Makki Bin Abi Talib Al-Qaisi through his book “Ar-Ri’ayah”. The research described Imam Makki’s approach to the presentation of sound information in Koranic recitation, as well as his approach to teaching the sounds of the Koran. The research concluded that the approach was unique and innovative, in which Imam Makki balanced the purposes of scientific authorship and the requirements of education and indoctrination. Among the features of that approach is that Makki has moved away, as far as possible, from the differences between scholars on many phonological issues and has focused on: “The facts of speech, giving the word its right and knowing the provisions of the letters from which words arise, which is no different in most of it”, according to Makki.
Keywords: linguistic sound, approach, studying, teaching, Koranic recitation, Makki Bin Abi Talib.

EFL Students’ Awareness of the Sufficiency of Received Inputs to Acquire Culture in the EFL Classrooms 

Prepared by
A.Prof.Dr.MOHAMMED ABDALGANE
Assistant Professor of Applied Linguistics 
Department of English & Translation 
College of Science and Arts 
Ar Rass, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Culture has been the focus of teachers and specialists in language learning environments in various contexts. This study examines Arab learners’ views on the impact of culture on language learning. The study is qualitative in nature and used open-ended interviews with a sample of 25 participants from the Department of English and Translation at Qassim University. The interviews with the participants are recorded, transcribed, and classified under themes. The findings showed that students believe that the teaching materials, pedagogy, and teachers’ developments are not sufficient to develop students communicating in the target language. Furthermore, the study showed that view opportunities can be exploited to expose to the target language culture in the classroom. They reported low awareness of the combination of learning both language and culture in language acquisition, it is not easy to absorb culture though. The study also shows that culture affects the communication skills of learners. The study urges language teachers to emphasize awareness of the target language culture in their classrooms. They should also introduce their learners to the differences between Arabic and English to avoid miscommunication and undue adoption of cultural traits. 
Keywords: target language, cultural conflict, cultural background, impact of culture, interaction skills

 Investigating Artificial Intelligence as a Threat to Translators' Positions

Prepared by
Dr.Siddig Mohammed
Department of English and Translation
 College of Science and Arts
 Qassim University, Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia
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Prepared by
Khalid Osman
Department of English and Translation
 College of Science and Arts
 Qassim University, Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
The career of human translators is currently under threat due to automation, which many anticipate will eventually be supplanted by artificial intelligence. According to translators, Artificial intelligence is projected to replace human translators shortly soon. This article examines the various viewpoints of translators and experts on the controversial topic of machine translation as an artificial intelligence component, which is expected to eliminate thousands of jobs in the near future and automate the translation industry instead of being performed by human translators. The analysis focuses attention on MT and the threat of replacement. Two key findings are mentioned. First, translators and specialists disagree on the claims and threats despite advances in machine translation. Second, although there has been continuous progress in machine translation, the Arabic Language has a complex system that cannot be readily outperformed by Artificial intelligence. This article argues for the proper use of AI to ensure a high-quality translation.
Keywords: positions, Machine Translation, Neural MT, post-editing

 Obstacles in Using Educational Techniques with intellectual disabled students at Khartoum state as realized by Special Education female Teachers.

Prepared by
Asso. Prof. Dr.Bakhita Mohammedzain Ali Mohammed
Sudan University of Science and Technology- Faculty of Education
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Abstract
 This paper presents the reality of the obstacles to the use of educational techniques in teaching children with intellectual disabilities as perceived by special education female teachers. To achieve this goal the researcher used the descriptive approach to the population of special education female teachers from some localities of Khartoum state which constitute  (50) female teachers, from which a sample of (30) teachers was selected purposively, the study tools were represented in the scale of the obstacles of educational techniques of special education teachers prepared by the researcher,  data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), applying the following statistical tests,  Test (T) for Single Variance, Pearson r and  Man and Whitney test, the results showed the following: Obstacles to the use of special educational techniques in the teaching of children with intellectual disabilities in the education teachers of some localities of Khartoum State are of a small degree.  There are statistically significant differences among special education female teachers in the size of the obstacles to the use of special educational techniques in the teaching of children with intellectual disabilities (in favor to years of experience and training courses). One of the most important recommendations is to work on the provision of special educational techniques in all centers and programs of special education, with the need to train the teachers on how to use special educational techniques.
Keywords: Obstacles, Educational Techniques, Intellectual Disability, Special Education,  Female Teachers.  

US foreign policy towards the Iranian nuclear crisis  (2016 -2022)

Prepared by
Yasmeen Jamous
Ph.D. Student, Renmin University of China.
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Li Qingsi
Researcher at the National Institute of
Development and strategy,Renmin University of China ,
Professor at the School of International Relations

Abstract
American policy has witnessed an escalation and a change in attitudes toward the Iranian nuclear file since the Iranian revolution. Especially after President Barack Obama came to power, which was characterized by diplomacy and negotiations, which resulted in the signing of a 5 + 1 agreement in 2015, and with the arrival of the US administration with the administration of Donald Trump, the policy changed by canceling the Iran nuclear agreement, on the grounds that the agreement is a loss and harms interests American. On the other hand, after current President Joe Biden came to power, he wanted to restore the Iran nuclear deal all over again.
Therefore, the study attempts to answer the extent to which the policy of successive US administrations towards the Iranian nuclear file differed from 2016 to 2022. The study assumes that the US policy towards the Iranian nuclear file is based on defining Iran's role in the region and preventing it from acquiring nuclear weapons so as not to endanger US interests in the region.
Keywords: American foreign policy, Iranian nuclear file, the agreement (5 + 1) ,the withdrawal of the United States, Military intervention and armed conflict

poem of Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi (d: 745 AH) in the lamentableness of his wife Zumurud- Technical
                                                                                    - Analytical Study -

prepared by
A.Prof.Dr. Amer Mahmood Rabei
Jerash University/Jordan
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Abstract:
This study provides an artistic and analytical reading of the Poem of Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi in the lamentableness of his wife Zumurud, highlighting the sacred relationship, the intimate bond that brought them together, and the accompanying relationship: a free and honest passion, a sweetness often, and tayeb Ma'ashar, and what has manifested in his poem of body lamentation: the distressed soul, the inflamed sensations, the cherished memories, the feelings of the passionate lover, and what was broadcast in them-also-of: a fondness, a passion, and a sadness, all characterized by the quality of the formulation, the sincerity of the passion, its heat and its power.
The objective, importance, justification for its selection, and methodology of this study were all explained. The first theme in this poem deals with the aesthetics of content. In this poem, the second theme also came to a halt at the aesthetic of the form. The study's most noteworthy findings were summarized in a conclusion. After that, there was a list of sources and references from which it drew.
Keywords: Lamentation, content, form, Abu Hayyan Al-Andalusi, Zumurud, Andalusian poetry.             

A study of some negative phenomena in Iraqi society after 2003 and their damage to societal values

Prepared by
A.PROF. Dr. Muhammad Al-Jubouri
Social Psychology
Northern European Academy
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Prepared by
Dr. Zainab Hashem Jrian
Department of History
Wasit University - College of Basic  Education             

Abstract
There are a lot of extraneous phenomena in the system of values and morals of Iraqi society, In fact, it was only a natural result of the loss of the prestige of the state and the rule of law as a result of the administrative corruption that has spread in the Iraqi body since the beginning of the occupation in 2003 until the present day, When the government turns away from performing its duties towards society and its officials are busy with different positions by stealing and looting public money, administrative corruption in Iraq is unique in its kind, Corruption is unparalleled in the entire world, What the Iraqi society has suffered from the repercussions of the occupation and the absence of the government’s role has led to the loss of societal values and the entry of foreign values into it, this is what we will address in this study, which is to shed light on some negative phenomena of the Iraqi society and their impact on the behavioral values of the society. 
Keywords:  negative phenomenon, society, administrative corruption, social phenomenon         

The Effectiveness of Spiritual Intelligence and Mental Flexibility on
                        the Students of Universities

Prepared by
A.Prof.Dr. Zaheah Saleh Zaitoun
College of Education, Al-Kharj, Department of Psychology
Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to clarify the spiritual intelligence and mental flexibility definitions on the university students under specific variables, to context the border of each one alone, and then determine the relations between both. Four variables that were used in the study, each one had two directions as; collage (literary, scientific), study level (fourth, seventh), gender (male, female),  and social status (married, single). The sample was inserted in the study from Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Saudi Arabia and contains 242 students. The result showed that the level of mental flexibility for the students was high where the spiritual intelligence was medium. Also, there was a strong positive correlation coefficient between spiritual intelligence and mental flexibility. Mental flexibility depending on an academic level but did not for the other variables. However, spiritual intelligence not affected through changing variables.
Key words: Spiritual intelligence, Mental flexibility.                                         

Organizational management and resistance to change among workers of
 administrative departments in public sector companies
 Mauritanie - Senegal - Mali

Prepared by
Prof. Dr. Mabrouk Miftah Abu Sheneh
Africa University of Humanities &Applied Sciences
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Abstract
Despite the necessity and importance of change for organizations, this process is hardly devoid of the difficulties of workers’ resistance to the introduction of these changes, due to the workers’ economic, social and organizational concerns based on objective and non-objective bases, and here comes the role of managers in reducing the severity of this resistance, through Adopting appropriate leadership styles to make employees understand the goals of change and the positive results that will be achieved for them.
What are the reasons that lead to the resistance of administrative workers to change in companies in general, and in public sector companies in African countries in particular?
Through the study and analysis of the nature of leadership styles used by managers in the companies under study, and identifying the nature of the organizational dimension that leads to workers’ resistance to change, and after testing the hypotheses that pertain to the relationship between managers’ leadership styles and their impact on the removal of workers to change,
Key words: 
Organizational management, resistance to change, workers in administrative departments, public sector companies      

 Measuring the impact of money supply on inflation rates in Iraq's Economy after 2003

Prepared by
A.Prof-Dr .Qassem Askari Ibn Karim
Department of Economics
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Najlah shamoon shlaymoon
PhD student in the Department of Economics 
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Ahmed Jabbar Shaye
PhD student in the Department of Economics
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Maram Albusharbe
PhD student in the Department of Economics
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Abstract
Inflation is sometimes referred to as (a increase in the rate of prices, implying a loss in the value of the monetary unit) or (a rise in the rate of prices, implying a decrease in the value of the monetary unit) or (a rise in the rate of prices, implying (it is a continuous rise in prices and not just high prices). According to Keynes (correct inflation is the situation in which no additional increase in total demand leads to an additional increase in production).. Regardless of the various definitions, forms, and causes of inflation, inflation remains primarily a monetary phenomenon. Controlling it, on the other hand, necessitates regulating the money supply to ensure that it rises at a rate that is compatible with demand and at stable prices. The amount of money in the Iraqi market is remarkable, and large amounts of it are no longer sufficient to buy a basic commodity or service, to the point where following up on the rise in the prices of goods, merchandise, and services in Iraq to estimate their rates has become a difficult process due to the continuous rise in their prices.
Keywords:  Money supply; Inflation rates; Exchange rate; Monetary policies            

                               EU Powerlessness
 Conflicting Perceptions in Response to the War on Gaza

Prepared byA.Prof.Dr. Adeeb Ziadeh
Assistant Professor of International Relations
Department of International Affairs/ College of Arts and Sciences
Qatar University
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Abstract
This article aimed to scrutinize the EU’s cause of powerlessness in dealing with the confrontation, which erupted between the Israeli occupation and Gaza strip in May 2021. Due to the fact that the EU was one of the least actionist external big actors which affected the situation on ground during the war politically and diplomatically, this article tried to interpret this deficiency, as researchers have not tackled it so far. However, in serving this, forty-one EU parliamentary members’ speeches (MEPs) have been critically and thoroughly analyzed. Using content analysis, alongside other tools extracted from the realist perspective combined with one of the constructivist theoretical angles, significantly enabled the researcher in analyzing the European politicians’ discourses in this regard. It is significantly found that the revisiting EU failure in adequately tackling such an event is attributed to the biased convictions and subjective perceptions that most of the EU politicians hold about the Israeli-Palestinian cause. Conflictual diagnostic perceptions of the MEPs with regard to the exploded situation expressively shown the extent to which divisions amongst politicians have left the EU’s diplomacy miserably paralyzed; a matter that confirmed the realists’ perspective about the EU foreign policy as it is “nothing more than the combined effort of the member states’ foreign policies”. Undoubtedly, having unanimity, as a mechanism for foreign policy decision-making, contributed to putting extra burdens on the EU politicians, particularly in the dossier under investigation. Hence, light was shed on MEPs’ perspectives regarding the roots of the confrontation, justice against peace, self-defense versus right of resistance and demonization of Hamas contrasted with humanitirization of Israel.
Key words: Gaza strip, Hamas, Israeli Occupation, self-defense, right of resistance, European parliament, European Union, apartheid       

The impact of US sanctions on Iran and their impact on the Iraqi economy for the period 2010-2019 and the role of the resistance economy in resolving these effects

Prepared by
A.Prof. Dr. Mohammad Bidar
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Najlah shamoon shlaymoon
PhD student in the Department of Economics 
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Ahmed Jabbar Shaye
PhD student in the Department of Economics
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Maram Albusharbe
PhD student in the Department of Economics
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Abstract
Iraq, being one of Iran's western neighbours, has played and continues to play a significant role in the country's non-oil exports, particularly amid the country's sanctions. With $9 billion in non-oil exports in 2019, Iraq was the second-largest destination for Iranian goods. However, the process of US sanctions on Iran and their negative impact on it, as well as the unilateral trade between Tehran and Baghdad, are all issues that threaten Iran's exports to Iraq. On this basis, it seems that a new approach to trade relations with Iraq, as well as improving export operations, can contribute to stabilizing and strengthening trade relations between Iran and Iraq.
Keywords:  Economic diplomacy ; Economic Relations; Economic development; Balance of Payments.