Enhancing EFL Learners’ Comprehension and Academic Achievement through Metaphor-Based Instruction: A Quantitative Study

Prepared by
Dr.Nazik Noaman Ahmed Alnour
Assistant Professor
Omdurman Islamic University
Faculty of Arts
Department of English Language and Literature
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4655-5947
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DOI:   https://doi.org/10.53348/NEA1SE32

Abstract

The purpose of this quantitative quasi-experimental study was to explore how metaphor instruction might impact EFL learners’ comprehension as well as their academic achievement. The research questions were based on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Cognitive Load Theory. Metaphor instruction may increase EFL learners’ comprehension allowing them to efficiently process academic language while potentially impacting their academic achievement. Fifty-one undergraduate EFL learners completed a pre-test/post-test comprehension test to provide quantitative data about metaphor comprehension and academic achievement. Results were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings indicated that learners’ scores significantly improved after instruction. On average, scores went from M = 11.28 (SD = 2.34) to M = 17.46 (SD = 2.01). Paired-samples t-test showed that there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores, t(50) = 13.72, p < .001, d = 1.92. Additionally, there was a moderate positive correlation between metaphor comprehension and academic achievement (r = .68, p < .001). This study offers evidence that metaphor instruction has a positive impact on learners’ comprehension as well as academic achievement. This study has important implications as it suggests that metaphors support meaning making, allowing students to actively participate in academic discourse. This research offers a pedagogically relevant study that used cognitive linguistics theory as a frame of reference                                 .
Keywords: metaphor-based instruction, EFL learners, comprehension, academic achievement, conceptual metaphor theory

 Post-2016 Transformation of Saudi Arabia’s Business Law: Vision-Driven Codification and Economic Diversification

Prepared by                                                                        .
Meshal Sulaiman M Alkhodairy
Meshal S. Alkhodairy Law Firm – Independent Researcher
Floor No.1, Office No. 106,Aljumaiah Center
King Fahad Street, Riyadh, 12361

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.53348/NEA2SE32

Abstract
Saudi Arabia’s post-2016 legal reforms, framed within Vision 2030, represent a comprehensive restructuring of the Kingdom’s legal-economic infrastructure, emphasizing a hybrid codification approach that balances legislative consolidation with sector-specific regulatory agility. This approach integrates doctrinal clarity with empirical performance indicators to enhance legal certainty, investor confidence, and market adaptability across diverse sectors including financial services, corporate governance, insolvency, and dispute resolution. The reforms address pre-existing fragmentation by embedding hierarchy clauses, procedural safeguards such as randomized case allocation, and adaptive review mechanisms triggered by measurable benchmarks. Institutional coordination among judiciary, regulatory authorities, and legislative bodies is strengthened to ensure consistent application and feedback-driven refinement. Equality norms are systematically incorporated into economic statutes to promote inclusive market participation. Comparative analysis highlights alignment with international frameworks like UNCITRAL and UNIDROIT, while also identifying unique adaptations reflecting domestic policy priorities. The model’s tiered legislative architecture, empirical trigger mechanisms, and integrated enforcement strategies offer a replicable template for jurisdictions seeking to harmonize legal certainty with operational flexibility in pursuit of economic diversification and sustainable growth.                            .
Keywords: Business Law, Economic Diversification.

Study and evaluation of the economic feasibility of establishing a ceramic sanitary ware production plant in Anbar Governorate. 

Prepared by

Prof. Dr. Khamees Khalif Mousa Al Fahdawi
College of Administrative and Financial Sciences
Almaarif University
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Dr. Ryadh Jawad Kadhem
College of Administrative and Financial Sciences
Almaarif University 
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DOI:  https://doi.org/10.53348/NEA3SE32

Abstract
This study aims to measure and analyze various economic feasibility indicators to determine the commercial, economic, and social profitability resulting from the establishment and operation of a ceramic sanitary ware manufacturing plant in Anbar Governorate during the period 2027-2036.
The results of measuring commercial profitability indicators (financial profit, dinar rate of return, unit production costs, quarterly gross margin, capital turnover rate, return on invested capital, simple rate of return, payback period, and break-even point) showed positive results.
Economic profitability indicators (net present value, internal rate of return, and present value of returns/costs) were also analyzed.
Furthermore, social profitability indicators (employment rate and foreign exchange utilization) were examined. The study concluded that the significant commercial profitability and economic and social benefits resulting from the establishment and operation of the aforementioned plant encourage and promote its implementation.
Keywords: Sanitary ware and ceramic project evaluation ,Anbar Governorate

Rhythmic Structure in Andalusian Prison Poetry: Selected Models 

Prepared by
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Ahmad Alruqibat
Department/ Arabic Literature and Criticism
Jerash University/ Jordan
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DOI:  https://doi.org/10.53348/NEA4SE32

Abstract:
This study aims to examine the rhythmic structure in Andalusian prison poetry by identifying its external and internal rhythmic elements. The study relies on a collection of poetic works by Andalusian poets who were imprisoned for various reasons. The study uses a descriptive-analytical approach by analyzing the poetic examples on two rhythmic levels: the external level—meter and rhyme—and the internal level—the repetition of the last sound of each line, and the repetition of words horizontally and vertically.
The study reaches the following notable conculsions: first, the prison's poetry did not deviate from the general framework in the use of poetic meters, and the same applies to the use of rhyming letters and rhyme in both its absolute and restricted forms, second, the use of vertical repetition, especially in the description of nature and beautiful places, reflected a clear contrast between the beauty of memory and the ugliness of the present. third, The impact of rhythm on shaping and reinforcing meaning.
Keywords: rhythmic structure, prison poetry, Al-Andalus, meter and rhyme, internal rhythm.

Developing Professional Standards for Art Education Teachers in Light of Contemporary Global Trends

Prepared by

Prof. Dr. Layla Shwel Hussein
Al-Karkh University of Science
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DOI:  https://doi.org/10.53348/NEA5SE32

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a proposed framework of professional standards for art education teachers at the intermediate and secondary school levels in light of contemporary educational trends. It also examined whether statistically significant differences existed in participants’ responses according to gender, educational stage, and job position. The study adopted a descriptive survey approach and employed a questionnaire consisting of six professional standards and 55 indicators. The instrument was validated for reliability and validity using SPSS. The questionnaire was administered to a random sample of 30 art education teachers. Data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, the independent-samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The findings indicated that all proposed professional standards and their indicators were accepted. No statistically significant differences were found with respect to gender or educational stage, whereas significant differences were observed according to job position. The study concluded that these professional standards play a vital role in enhancing the professional performance of art education teachers in line with contemporary educational trends.
Keywords: Professional standards, Art education, Art education teachers, Professional performance, Contemporary educational trends, Intermediate education, Secondary education.